Amino Acids

Amino Acids: The Building Blocks of Proteins

Amino acids are the fundamental units that make up proteins. There are 20 common amino acids found in proteins, and each has a unique structure that determines its properties and function.

Structure of Amino Acids

Every amino acid has a basic structure consisting of:

* A central carbon atom

* An amino group (NH2)

* A carboxyl group (COOH)

* A side chain (R group)

The side chain is the part of the amino acid that varies and gives each amino acid its unique characteristics.

Types of Amino Acids

Based on their side chains, amino acids can be classified into several groups:

* Nonpolar amino acids: These amino acids have hydrophobic (water-repelling) side chains. Examples include alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan.

* Polar amino acids: These amino acids have hydrophilic (water-loving) side chains. Examples include serine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine, cysteine, tyrosine, and methionine.

* Charged amino acids: These amino acids have charged side chains. Examples include aspartate, glutamate, lysine, arginine, and histidine.

Functions of Amino Acids

Amino acids play essential roles in various biological processes, including:

* Protein synthesis: They are the building blocks of proteins, which perform a wide range of functions in the body.

* Energy production: Some amino acids can be broken down to produce energy.

* Neurotransmitter synthesis: Certain amino acids are precursors to neurotransmitters, which are chemical messengers in the nervous system.

* Nutrient absorption: Amino acids are involved in the absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract.